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Grape-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles Ameliorate Prediabetes in Mice via Amino Acid Metabolic Reprogramming
Zaoling Liu1, Shuya Cai1, Aerna Qiayimaerdan1
1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 13, 2026
Summary
Grape-derived exosomes show promise in mitigating prediabetes by improving glucose metabolism. This study used metabolomics to reveal how these exosomes impact metabolic pathways, offering potential for early glucose dysfunction intervention.
Area of Science:
- * Metabolomics and Exosome Research
- * Nutritional Biochemistry and Therapeutics
Background:
- * Prediabetes represents a critical stage of glucose metabolism dysfunction.
- * Exosomes, particularly those derived from natural sources like grapes, are emerging as potential therapeutic agents.
- * Understanding the molecular mechanisms of grape exosome action is crucial for developing novel interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To investigate the therapeutic effects of grape-derived exosomes on prediabetic mice.
- * To elucidate the underlying metabolic mechanisms using integrated metabolomics.
- * To assess the potential of grape exosomes as a functional intervention for early glucose metabolism dysfunction.
Main Methods:
- * Establishment of a prediabetic mouse model with three experimental groups: control, grape exosome treatment, and antioxidant nutrient supplementation.
- * Assessment of therapeutic efficacy using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β).
- * Metabolite profiling of intestinal contents via untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with orbitrap electrospray mass spectrometry (UHPLC-OE-MS) and targeted metabolomics.
Main Results:
- * Grape exosomes significantly mitigated prediabetes progression in mice.
- * Untargeted metabolomics identified numerous metabolite changes, including upregulated riboflavin linked to amino acid metabolism.
- * Targeted metabolomics revealed elevated glycine levels and shared enriched metabolic pathways (e.g., D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism) between grape exosome and antioxidant groups.
Conclusions:
- * Grape-derived exosomes effectively ameliorate diabetes-related metabolic disorders and slow prediabetes progression.
- * Integrated metabolomics analysis highlights the impact of grape exosomes on key metabolic pathways.
- * Grape exosomes demonstrate significant potential as a functional intervention agent for early glucose metabolism dysfunction.
