Oral Health Status and Dental Needs in Individuals with Sensory Impairments: A Systematic Review

Background: Individuals with sensory impairments often encounter barriers to oral health information, preventive care, and dental services. Despite a growing body of research, oral health among individuals with hearing and visual impairments has not been comprehensively evaluated across the full spectrum of oral health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate oral health outcomes and dental treatment needs in individuals with hearing and visual impairments. Methods: A literature search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science from database inception to 8 January 2026, in collaboration with a medical information specialist, and in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Observational studies reporting oral hygiene, periodontal status, dental caries, dental needs, and other relevant oral health outcomes in individuals with hearing and visual impairments were included. Given the substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity across the included studies, findings were synthesized using a narrative approach. Results: A total of 5650 records were identified, of which 84 studies were included. Oral health problems were frequently reported among individuals with sensory impairments. Dental caries was the most common finding. Poor oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, periodontal problems, and unmet treatment needs were also often described. Additional findings included traumatic dental injuries, malocclusion, salivary and microbiological alterations, functional oral limitations, and reduced oral health-related quality of life. Conclusions: Individuals with sensory impairments are likely to experience poorer oral health and considerable unmet dental needs. These findings highlight the need for improved preventive strategies, effective communication approaches, and more inclusive dental care.