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Small Airway Dysfunction Assessed by Impulse Oscillometry in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A

Ercan Yılmaz1, Erdem Topal1, İsmail Dündar2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44210, Turkey.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|August 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) show signs of small airway dysfunction, detected using impulse oscillometry system (IOS). This sensitive tool may aid in early identification of lung issues in pediatric CAH patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) involves hormonal imbalances and prolonged glucocorticoid use, potentially impacting lung function.
  • Small airway function in children with CAH remains under-investigated.
  • This study explores pulmonary physiology in pediatric CAH patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate small airway function in children with CAH using impulse oscillometry system (IOS).
  • To compare IOS findings between children with CAH and healthy controls.
  • To identify potential subclinical pulmonary involvement in pediatric CAH.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional case-control study involving 27 children with CAH and 27 age/sex-matched healthy controls.
  • Impulse oscillometry system (IOS) was used to measure parameters like R5, R20, R5-R20, X5, X20, AX, and Fres.
  • Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected for all participants.

Main Results:

  • Children with CAH showed significantly higher R5, R5-R20, and AX values, and more negative X5 values compared to controls (p<0.05).
  • Abnormal IOS findings were most common for X5 (29.6%), R5-R20 (25.9%), and R5 (22.2%).
  • No significant differences were found in R20, X20, and Fres between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric patients with CAH exhibit IOS evidence of subclinical small airway dysfunction.
  • IOS serves as a sensitive method for early detection of small airway disease in pediatric CAH.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is recommended to confirm these findings.

Keywords:
congenital adrenal hyperplasiaimpulse oscillometrysmall airway dysfunction

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