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Published on: November 22, 2021
Grinding Metamorphic Layer of Bearing Steel: Formation Mechanisms, Characterization, and Process Parameter Effects
Jiayu Guo1, Tao Xia1, Dingbo Cao1
1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 13, 2026
Summary
This review synthesizes research on the grinding metamorphic layer in bearing steels. Understanding these subsurface gradients is crucial for enhancing bearing reliability and service life.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Mechanical Engineering
- Tribology
Background:
- Grinding is a critical final machining step for bearing rings, establishing subsurface gradients.
- These gradients in microstructure and mechanical properties directly impact rolling contact fatigue life and service reliability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize current research on the grinding metamorphic layer in bearing steels.
- To cover formation mechanisms, characterization, and the influence of grinding parameters.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of existing literature.
- Analysis of the coupled thermal-mechanical-phase transformation framework.
- Evaluation of characterization techniques for microstructure and residual stress.
Main Results:
- The three-layer gradient structure is governed by thermal-mechanical-phase transformation interactions.
- Exceeding the austenitization threshold shifts the regime, increasing white layer thickness and softening the dark layer.
- Analysis of grinding parameters (depth, speed, feed, wheel, cooling) reveals their influence on the metamorphic layer.
Conclusions:
- Established correlations between grinding processes, surface integrity, and bearing performance are essential.
- Further research is needed to deepen the understanding of grinding metamorphic layers for improved bearing components.
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