Welding Techniques for Magnesium Alloy Joints: A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Manufacturing Engineering

Background:

• Magnesium alloys are essential for lightweight automotive design.
• Their poor weldability and susceptibility to defects necessitate effective welding solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review properties, applications, and welding methods for Mg alloys.
• To assess advantages, disadvantages, and precautions for various welding techniques.
• To highlight the importance of mechanical behavior and structural integrity in welded joints.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of scientific databases and patents.
• Keyword-based literature search.
• Analysis of fusion, friction, diffusion, explosive, and hybrid welding methods.

Main Results:

• AZ-series magnesium alloys exhibit favorable weldability.
• Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Laser Beam Welding (LBW), and Friction Stir Welding (FSW) are primary methods for AZ-series alloys.
• Solid-state techniques, dissimilar metal joining, and AI optimization are key trends.

Conclusions:

• Effective welding of Mg alloys is critical for automotive applications.
• Understanding process variables is crucial for optimizing weld microstructure and properties.
• Future research should focus on advanced joining techniques and high-entropy alloys.