Semi-Active Suspension Systems: From Advanced Control Algorithms to Emerging Off-Road and Agricultural Applications

Area of Science:

• Vehicle Dynamics and Control
• Agricultural Engineering
• Mechatronics

Background:

• Semi-active suspension systems offer energy efficiency and fail-safe operation, expanding into agricultural machinery.
• Agricultural applications present unique challenges including harsh environments, variable loads, and precision requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review semi-active damping and vibration-isolation systems for off-road and agricultural machinery.
• To compare various actuators, nonlinear damper models, and control strategies for agricultural adaptability.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of mainstream actuators and nonlinear damper models.
• Evaluation of classical, robust, adaptive, Model Predictive Control (MPC), Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), and data-driven control methods.
• Summary of applications in seat/cab isolation, chassis systems, rollover prevention, and precision implements.

Main Results:

• Semi-active systems are adapting to agricultural machinery's specific demands, moving beyond traditional comfort-handling trade-offs.
• Various control strategies show potential for optimizing performance under agricultural constraints.
• Successful applications demonstrated in diverse agricultural machinery components.

Conclusions:

• Semi-active suspension technology is crucial for advancing agricultural machinery performance and operator safety.
• Future developments should focus on multi-objective coordination for safety, stability, accuracy, protection, and energy efficiency.
• The integration of advanced control methods is key to overcoming agricultural operational challenges.