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Vertically Oriented Calixarene Self-Assembled Monolayers Enable Efficient Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Peilin Wang1,2, Tianpeng Li1, Zuoming Jin1
1College of Smart Materials and Future Energy, State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|August 13, 2026
Summary
A new molecule, 4-sulfocalix[6]arene (SC6A), enhances tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) by improving interface quality and band alignment. This leads to higher efficiency and significantly improved operational and shelf stability for TPSC devices.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are crucial for optimizing interfaces in tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs).
- Conventional SAMs face challenges like molecular agglomeration and unfavorable orientations, limiting their effectiveness in improving interfacial quality and energy level alignment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a multifunctional SAM, 4-sulfocalix[6]arene (SC6A), for simultaneous regulation of buried interfaces and band alignment in TPSCs.
- To enhance the performance and stability of TPSCs through improved interfacial engineering.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing SC6A, a molecule with six anchoring sulfonate groups, to form multidentate interactions with NiOx.
- Leveraging the intrinsic molecular dipole and vertical orientation of SC6A to optimize band alignment and charge extraction.
Main Results:
- SC6A enabled homogeneous interfacial coverage and improved perovskite film growth.
- TPSCs with SC6A achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.46%.
- Devices exhibited enhanced stability, retaining 98% of initial PCE after 980 hours of shelf storage and 90% after 300 hours of operational stability.
Conclusions:
- SC6A effectively regulates buried interfaces and optimizes band alignment in TPSCs.
- The multifunctional SAM significantly enhances both the power conversion efficiency and long-term operational and storage stability of tin-based perovskite solar cells.
