Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents
Published on: June 10, 2013
Occupational Stress and Coping During a Public Health Emergency: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understand the
Mya Michele Carter1,2, Linda Bennington1, Michele Kekeh1
1School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Background:
Breastfeeding remains the recommended feeding method during public health emergencies; however, pandemic-related restrictions created new challenges for mothers and their healthcare teams, including lactation professionals (LPs). The COVID-19 pandemic may have heightened LPs' occupational stress and limited their ability to provide lactation support.
Research Aims:
This study examined occupational stress among LPs, identified stressors and coping strategies, and explored how pandemic-related workplace policies influenced lactation services.
Methods:
A mixed-methods design was employed. A cross-sectional online survey assessed the experiences of hospital- and clinic-based LPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key informant interviews were conducted to identify stressors, coping strategies, and service delivery impacts. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted, and qualitative data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results:
The sample included 1,373 healthcare professionals. Most LPs (91.8%) reported moderate to high perceived stress consistent with other studies. Key stressor themes included new policy implementation, evolving personal protective equipment requirements, employment changes, the transition to telehealth, and fear of infection. Participants reported using problem management, emotional regulation, and meaning-based coping strategies. Themes describing impacts on lactation service provision included reduced or delayed support, protected breastfeeding practices, hindered interpersonal connectedness, and telehealth limitations. Clinical policy changes were perceived to both hinder and improve lactation services.
Conclusions:
During public health emergencies, LPs-especially those with dual role responsibilities-require additional support. Interventions should build upon coping strategies identified in this study. Future research should examine how stressors influence service provision, the effectiveness of coping strategies, and the potential role of geographic context in policy implementation.
Related Concept Videos
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle
Psychological Responses to Stress
Steps in Outbreak Investigation
Stress and Mental Health
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused
Coping Strategies: Problem Focused
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
