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Chronic Lung Disease: A Study Based on the National Database of Specified Chronic Pediatric Diseases of Japan

Fumihiko Namba1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|August 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This study reveals chronic lung disease (CLD) in Japan affects diverse infants, including many term infants with comorbidities. Invasive respiratory support in extremely preterm infants predicts ongoing CLD support needs.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Chronic lung disease (CLD), often bronchopulmonary dysplasia, is a key pediatric disease in Japan, primarily affecting premature infants.
  • Characteristics of CLD patients in the National Database of Specified Chronic Pediatric Diseases remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the characteristics of children with CLD registered in Japan's National Database of Specified Chronic Pediatric Diseases.
  • To identify factors associated with persistent CLD support needs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Medical Certificates of Specific Chronic Pediatric Diseases for CLD patients registered between January 2015 and March 2023.
  • Inclusion of data from 1737 identified CLD patients, with subgroup analysis of 805 extremely preterm infants.

Main Results:

  • CLD patients comprised 47% extremely preterm and 24% term infants, with regional variations.
  • Neurological disorders (43%) and chromosomal abnormalities (19%) were common in term infants with CLD.
  • Invasive mechanical ventilation at 36 weeks postmenstrual age was linked to persistent CLD support (OR 3.16).

Conclusions:

  • Registry-defined CLD in Japan is heterogeneous, including many term infants with comorbidities.
  • Extremely preterm infants needing invasive respiratory support require ongoing management.
  • Optimizing long-term care strategies for CLD patients is crucial.
Abstract

Keywords:
bronchopulmonary dysplasiachronic lung diseaselow birth weightprematurityspecific pediatric chronic diseases

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