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Exercise-induced osteoimmune crosstalk: a virtuous cycle between bone remodeling and immune regulation
1Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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As an interdisciplinary field investigating the skeletal and immune systems, bone immunology has revealed that these two systems share the bone marrow microenvironment, interacting with and regulating each other. Exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, has been demonstrated to provide a favorable environment for bone homeostasis by modulating the dynamic balance between osteogenesis and bone resorption. Furthermore, exercise enhances the body's anti-inflammatory capacity by regulating various immune components, including immune cells and cytokines, thereby optimizing overall immune function. This article systematically reviews how exercise may initiate a feed-forward osteoimmune circuit in which mechanical loading activates osteocytes and osteogenic progenitors, reshapes the bone marrow niche, promotes anti-inflammatory immune polarization, and subsequently favors bone formation over bone resorption Ultimately, this creates a virtuous cycle of bone immunology, offering novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.
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