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Minimizing nutrient losses to freshwater from pasture-based dairy systems
R W McDowell1,2, K A Macintosh3, J R Roche4
1Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand 7608.
JDS Communications
|August 13, 2026
Summary
Pasture-based dairy systems can harm water quality due to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses. Mitigation strategies must target specific nutrient pathways and sources for effective environmental protection.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Environmental Science
- Water Quality Management
Background:
- Expansion of pasture-based dairy systems increases nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) losses to water.
- These losses contribute to eutrophication and groundwater contamination, impacting ecosystems and water resources.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify nutrient transport pathways in pasture-based dairy systems.
- To outline mitigation strategies for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus losses to water.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of nutrient loss sources (excreta, feed, fertilizer) and transport pathways (runoff, leaching).
- Evaluation of farm management practices and edge-of-field mitigation techniques.
Main Results:
- Urine patches are primary nitrogen loss sources via nitrate leaching.
- Dung and soil are key phosphorus sources, mainly through surface runoff.
- Mitigation actions must be specific to nitrogen or phosphorus and target critical source areas.
Conclusions:
- Tailored mitigation strategies, combining farm management and edge-of-field practices, are essential for sustainable dairy production.
- Integrating environmental benefits with farm profitability and supportive policies is crucial for successful implementation.
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