Understanding Generational Differences in Muslim American Mental Health Help-Seeking

Attitudes toward mental health help-seeking are shaped by a complex interplay of environmental, sociocultural, religious, and generational factors. Within Muslim communities, these attitudes are further informed by religious teachings, cultural norms, and intergenerational dynamics. This study explores the disparities in mental health-seeking behavior between first- and second-generation Muslim Americans. The sample consisted of 37 participants, including 16 first-generation immigrants (foreign-born) and 21 second-generation individuals born in the USA to at least one immigrant parent. The study used a combined deductive and inductive thematic approach to the analysis of semi-structured interviews. Interview content codes and themes were developed using a six-phase method for qualitative thematic analysis. Four major themes emerged encompassing distinct subthemes. First, acculturation effects including: (a) mental health awareness, normalization, and knowledge; and (b) the influence of acculturation on attitudes. Second, intentions including: (a) first-generation participants often sought private help-seeking; and (b) openness to public help-seeking and a health-conscious orientation. Third, perceived behavioral control. Fourth, pathways to seeking mental health care including: (a) preference for informal support systems; (b) incorporation of religious aspects; and (c) a preference for Muslim therapists. The first and second themes highlighted notable intergenerational differences, the third theme revealed shared pathways to seeking care between the two groups. Culturally adapted practices to mental health service provision should integrate both traditional and non-traditional cultural awareness while addressing intergenerational gaps to enhance mental health support within these communities.