Optimization of ground-based optical network configuration for geosynchronous orbit observation

Area of Science:

• Astronomy and Astrophysics
• Space Science and Engineering

Background:

• Geosynchronous orbit (GEO) satellites are critical assets, necessitating continuous space situational awareness for collision risk assessment and national security.
• Existing observation methods may lack comprehensive performance evaluation for ground-based telescope networks targeting GEO.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a quantitative model for evaluating the performance and gain of ground-based optical telescope networks for GEO observation.
• To provide decision-oriented data support for global network deployment and resource allocation.

Main Methods:

• Developed a model focusing on spatiotemporal coverage, system sensitivity, and detection latency for single and multiple stations.
• Incorporated flexible adjustments for site coordinates, sky background, telescope aperture, detector characteristics, and observational conditions.
• Validated the model against Stellarium simulations and real-world brightness measurements.

Main Results:

• Achieved a mean spatial coverage error of 0.49% with high geometric accuracy.
• Demonstrated brightness prediction errors below 1.0 magnitude, confirming model feasibility and numerical stability.
• Enabled albedo-area retrieval of unresolved GEO targets using a two-facet model, particularly for three-axis-stabilized satellites.

Conclusions:

• The proposed model offers a robust framework for optimizing ground-based optical telescope networks for GEO observation.
• The framework supports informed decisions regarding network deployment and resource allocation for enhanced space situational awareness.
• The model's validation confirms its accuracy and stability for evaluating GEO observation systems and retrieving target characteristics.