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Safety Considerations in Hair Restoration Procedures: A Comprehensive Review
Savanah R Sturm1, Benjamin R Slavin, Mark Jessup
1DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|August 13, 2026
Summary
Hair transplantation can lead to complications, ranging from minor issues like infection and folliculitis to rare but serious events such as arteriovenous fistulas. Patient optimization and surgical technique are key to minimizing risks.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery
- Surgical Complications Research
Background:
- Hair loss is a common condition with significant psychological impact.
- Hair transplantation is a frequent treatment, but postoperative complications are a concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a comprehensive scoping review of complications following hair transplantation.
- To categorize complications by timing and severity and identify associated risk factors.
Main Methods:
- A systematic scoping review of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases was performed.
- Studies reporting hair transplantation complications, published in English, were included.
- 117 studies were selected after screening 3119 initial records.
Main Results:
- Both early and late complications were reported, with minor complications being more frequent.
- Common adverse events included pain, infection, folliculitis, and edema.
- Serious complications like arteriovenous fistulas, necrosis, and graft failure were identified, with risk factors including smoking and diabetes.
Conclusions:
- Hair transplantation is associated with a spectrum of complications, from minor to major.
- While common issues are often self-limiting, serious complications can occur.
- Standardized reporting and focus on patient optimization and surgical technique are crucial.
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