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Published on: June 15, 2020
Verrucous Venous Malformation-Subcutaneous Variant: Diagnosis and Management
Wei Gong1, Ruihua Zhang2, Huaijie Wang3
1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Northwest Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China.
The Journal of Surgical Research
|August 13, 2026
Summary
Verrucous venous malformation-subcutaneous variant (VVM-SV) is often misdiagnosed. Surgical excision offers a definitive cure for this distinct clinicopathological entity.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Malformations
- Dermatopathology
- Surgical Oncology
Background:
- Verrucous venous malformation-subcutaneous variant (VVM-SV) is a rare condition often misdiagnosed.
- Characterizing its clinical, radiological, and histopathological features is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define the features of VVM-SV.
- To evaluate management and surgical outcomes for VVM-SV.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 33 histopathologically confirmed VVM-SV cases from 2010-2025.
- Analysis of demographics, clinical presentation, imaging, prior treatments, and surgical outcomes (open vs. endoscopic excision).
Main Results:
- 30/33 patients were initially misdiagnosed, with 29 undergoing failed sclerotherapy.
- Typical presentation: solitary, firm, bluish subcutaneous nodules, often on fingers.
- Histopathology revealed well-demarcated venous channels within adipose tissue; minimal venous flow observed on imaging.
Conclusions:
- VVM-SV is a distinct entity prone to misdiagnosis, leading to ineffective treatments.
- Accurate diagnosis requires clinicopathological correlation, noting subcutaneous location and minimal flow.
- Surgical excision is the definitive curative treatment with no observed recurrences.
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