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Demographic Differences in Access to Community-Based Naloxone Distribution in Rhode Island, 2024
Catherine Ahern1, Kristen St John, Jennifer Koziol
1Author Affiliations: University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, South Kingstown, Rhode Island (Ahern and Jacobson); Rhode Island Department of Health, Center for Health Data and Analysis, Providence, Rhode Island (St. John); and Rhode Island Department of Health, Center for Health Promotion, Providence, Rhode Island (Koziol).
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice : JPHMP
|August 13, 2026
Summary
Community-based naloxone access in Rhode Island reached diverse populations in 2024. Different distribution methods, like mail delivery, can improve access for specific groups, promoting health equity.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Equity
- Opioid Overdose Prevention
Background:
- Naloxone (Narcan) is a critical medication for reversing opioid overdoses.
- Ensuring equitable access to naloxone in communities is essential for harm reduction.
- Rhode Island has implemented various community-based naloxone distribution strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze community-based naloxone access in Rhode Island.
- To examine demographic disparities in naloxone distribution methods.
- To apply a health equity lens to naloxone access.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of self-reported demographic and distribution data from 2024.
- Focus on individuals receiving naloxone from community-based agencies in Rhode Island.
- Examination of distribution methods: in-person (fixed site, mobile outreach) vs. mail-delivered, and distance traveled.
Main Results:
- Most naloxone (91.3%) was distributed in-person, primarily via mobile outreach (51.8%).
- The majority (91.3%) received naloxone within 10 miles of their residence.
- Mail delivery and greater distances were more common for rural residents, women, gender minorities, and individuals under 25.
Conclusions:
- Diverse naloxone distribution methods effectively reach varied populations.
- Tailored distribution strategies can expand naloxone access to underserved groups.
- Community-based programs are vital for equitable opioid overdose prevention.
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