Noninvasive biophysical modulations of Piezo ion channels

Piezo channels are integral to numerous physiological functions: Piezo 1 modulates blood pressure through shear stress sensing and plays a role in cellular development and epigenetic processes. Conversely, Piezo 2 is implicated in sensory perceptions, including tactile sensation, balance, and nociception. Piezo channels are biophysical mechanosensitive ion channels that convert mechanical forces into electrical signals within cells. In this review, we investigate the recent advancements in the application of noninvasive biophysical techniques to modulate Piezo ion channels, thereby affecting diverse physiological functions. We also explore different electromechanical modulation methods for Piezo channels and discuss their significance. Furthermore, we emphasize various optical and magnetic techniques for modulating Piezo channels. Finally, we examine the potential applications of Piezo channel modulation for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, an area with significant potential to impact healthcare. The noninvasive activation of Piezo ion channels through mechanobiology holds significant potential for advancements in healthcare and for understanding and addressing neurodegenerative and degenerative diseases.