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Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States.

L S Farer, A M Lowell, M P Meador

    American Journal of Epidemiology
    |February 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Reported tuberculosis cases in the US have declined due to fewer pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains stable, with distinct epidemiologic features across different anatomic sites.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the US has decreased, primarily driven by reductions in pulmonary TB cases.
    • Extrapulmonary TB cases have remained relatively constant, suggesting different epidemiological trends.
    • Understanding extrapulmonary TB is crucial for comprehensive disease control strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
    • To compare extrapulmonary TB with pulmonary TB regarding patient demographics and diagnostic methods.
    • To identify variations in extrapulmonary TB across different anatomic sites.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective survey of reported extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases.
    • Analysis of demographic data including sex, race, and age distribution.
    • Comparison of physician specialties and bacteriological confirmation rates between pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB.

    Main Results:

    • Extrapulmonary TB exhibits different sex and race distributions compared to pulmonary TB.
    • Significant variations exist in physician specialties diagnosing extrapulmonary TB.
    • The proportion of bacteriologically confirmed cases differs between pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB.
    • Extrapulmonary TB shows site-specific variations in age distribution and other characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • Extrapulmonary tuberculosis presents distinct epidemiological features compared to pulmonary tuberculosis.
    • Significant heterogeneity exists within extrapulmonary TB based on anatomic site.
    • The unexplained nature of these epidemiologic differences warrants further investigation.

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