High-quality medical content rendering for glasses-free three-dimensional light-field interactive display based on anti-aliased 3D Gaussian splatting

Glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) light-field displays can offer natural stereoscopic perception and intuitive visual experiences, holding immense potential for high-precision medical visualization. However, existing methods often struggle to preserve intricate anatomical structures while maintaining computational efficiency, which hinders their application in high-quality clinical scenarios. Here, a high-quality medical content rendering framework based on anti-aliased 3D Gaussian splatting is proposed for interactive light-field displays. A display-aware anti-aliasing strategy is introduced to regulate the projected 2D covariance matrices during Gaussian projection, significantly enhancing the rendering quality of high-frequency anatomical details. To facilitate downstream light-field encoding, the optimized 3D Gaussians are further transformed into smooth textured meshes. Furthermore, direct light-field image synthesis is realized through mask-addressing-based coding, bypassing the need for redundant dense-view rendering. Real-time hand-gesture interaction is seamlessly integrated using a Leap Motion controller. Experimental results demonstrate a 1.37 dB average PSNR improvement over the original 3D Gaussian splatting baseline. Notably, the proposed framework achieves real-time interactive rendering at over 109 FPS on a custom-developed 8 K light-field display prototype while delivering superior reconstruction fidelity and visual quality compared with representative NeRF-based and explicit baselines.