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Health Risk Assessment of Cadmium in Brazilian Makeup Products Using a Novel MDSPE-FAAS Method
Milena Secco de Souza1, Cristiane Dos Reis Feliciano1, Saulo Alves de Souza1
1Instrumental Analytical Chemistry Research Group - GPQAI, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-000, Brazil.
ACS Omega
|August 14, 2026
Summary
Cadmium (Cd) was found in 55.2% of makeup samples, posing a carcinogenic risk, especially for children. This study developed an eco-friendly method to detect Cd and assess health risks in cosmetics.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Analytical Chemistry
- Toxicology
Background:
- Cadmium (Cd) in cosmetics is a public health concern due to its bioaccumulation.
- Cosmetic products require reliable methods for Cd detection and risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate an efficient, eco-friendly analytical method for Cd determination in makeup.
- To assess the health risks associated with Cd exposure from cosmetic products, particularly for children.
Main Methods:
- Magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) using Fe3O4@TEOS nanoparticles.
- Quantification of Cd using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS).
- Health risk assessment using SCCS and USEPA guidelines (HQ, LCR).
Main Results:
- Cd detected in 16 out of 29 (55.2%) makeup samples, up to 25.72 mg kg-1.
- Noncarcinogenic risks (HQ < 1) were acceptable.
- Carcinogenic risks exceeded limits in all positive samples; children's products showed 3.4x higher risk.
Conclusions:
- The validated MDSPE-FAAS method is reliable and eco-friendly for Cd monitoring in cosmetics.
- Cosmetic Cd exposure presents a potential carcinogenic risk, particularly for children.
- Stricter quality control and regulatory oversight are needed for cosmetics, especially those for children.
