Morphometric Study of the Human Cadaveric Spleen: Dimensions, Shape Variations, and the Prevalence of Border Notches...

The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ. Splenic notches and fissures are remnants of incomplete fusion of embryonic lobules. The spleen is considered a vital organ in the immune system. It plays a crucial role in filtering blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, and producing antibodies to fight off infections. The spleen also acts as a reservoir for blood, storing platelets and white blood cells for release in times of need. Due to its important functions, the spleen exhibits considerable variation in size, shape, and surface features among individuals.

This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study examined 20 formalin-fixed adult cadaveric spleens in a tertiary teaching institute. Weight was recorded on a digital balance, while length (maximal pole-to-pole distance) and breadth (maximal superior-to-inferior border distance) were measured with extended-jaw Vernier calipers. Each measurement was taken three times and averaged to minimize observer bias. Shape was classified as wedge, tetrahedral, or irregular; notches and fissures were recorded separately on the superior and inferior borders, with fissures graded as incomplete or complete. Proportions are reported as frequencies with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and superior- versus inferior-border prevalences were compared using McNemar's test.

The mean weight was 91.35 ± 42.26 g (range 28-197 g), mean length 87.43 ± 19.49 mm (range 51.5-118.4 mm), and mean breadth 58.04 ± 10.74 mm (range 35.8-79.9 mm). The wedge shape predominated (11/20; 55%), followed by tetrahedral (8/20; 40%) and irregular (1/20; 5%). Notches were frequent on both borders, occurring on the superior border in 15 specimens (75%) and the inferior border in 14 (70%). Fissures were more common on the superior border (8/20; 40%, all incomplete) than the inferior border (4/20; 20%); a single complete fissure (1/20; 5%) was observed on the inferior border.

Cadaveric spleens demonstrate notable fissural variation; the morphometry of the spleen is a crucial aspect of understanding its structure and function. Through our research, we have gained valuable insights into the size, shape, and distribution of various components within the spleen. Familiarity with these normal variants helps radiologists and surgeons avoid misinterpreting them as splenic injury or disease and is a useful adjunct to anatomical teaching.