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Development and psychometric evaluation of the parents' self-efficacy scale for medication administration to children

İlknur Bektas1, Aslı Akdeniz Kudubeş2

  • 1İzmir Bakırçay Üniversitesi, Seyrek, Izmir, Turkey.

Journal of Pediatric Nursing
|August 14, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This study developed the Parents

Area of Science:

  • Nursing research
  • Psychometrics
  • Child health

Background:

  • Parental self-efficacy is crucial for safe home medication administration.
  • Assessing parental confidence in pediatric medication management is essential for effective healthcare.
  • Existing tools may not adequately capture parental self-efficacy in this domain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and psychometrically evaluate the Parents' Self-Efficacy Scale for Medication Administration to Children at Home.
  • To provide a reliable instrument for measuring parental confidence in pediatric medication administration.
  • To inform targeted interventions for improving home medication safety.

Main Methods:

  • Methodological scale-development study involving 253 parents of children aged 0-6 years.
  • Item generation based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory and pediatric home medication safety literature.
  • Content validity assessed by experts; pilot testing for clarity; exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses conducted.

Main Results:

  • A 16-item scale with two sub-dimensions: medication preparation and administration.
  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure explaining 81.3% of variance.
  • High internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.961) and item-total correlations (0.758–0.915) were found.

Conclusions:

  • The developed scale demonstrates preliminary content validity, internal consistency, and a two-factor structure.
  • The scale can assist pediatric nurses in identifying parents with lower self-efficacy.
  • Further validation in diverse samples is recommended, with cautious interpretation of the two-item sub-dimension.
Abstract

Keywords:
Medication administrationParentsPediatric nursingScale developmentSelf-efficacy

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