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Conflicts of Interest Transparency, Study Outcomes, and Risk of Bias in Myopia Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review
Jia-Yan Kai1, Ming-Yan Jin1, Yue Peng1
1School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
American Journal of Ophthalmology
|August 14, 2026
Summary
Transparency in conflict of interest (COI) disclosures in myopia control trials is linked to methodological quality. More detailed COI statements correlate with lower risk of bias, influencing clinical decision-making.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Clinical Trials
- Research Integrity
Background:
- Myopia control interventions are frequently evaluated using randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
- Industry funding and participation are common in these myopia control RCTs.
- The transparency of conflict of interest (COI) disclosures in research may impact the interpretation of study findings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the transparency of COI declarations and the methodological quality of myopia control RCTs.
- To examine if COI disclosure transparency relates to study outcomes and conclusions in myopia control research.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for myopia control RCTs.
- Categorization of COI declaration transparency and assessment of risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.
- Meta-regression models were used to evaluate associations between COI transparency, study conclusions, and effect sizes.
Main Results:
- Of 134 included RCTs, 11.9% lacked COI statements, while 14.2% provided detailed disclosures.
- Higher COI transparency was significantly associated with lower risk of bias, particularly in selective outcome reporting (P<0.01).
- Greater COI transparency correlated with more favorable study conclusions in optical intervention trials (OR=2.66, P=0.02), especially in larger trials and those in high-impact journals, though attenuated by industry funding.
Conclusions:
- Transparency in COI declarations shows context-specific links to study conclusions and reporting quality in myopia control trials.
- While transparent COI disclosure is vital for research integrity, its influence on evidence interpretation must consider the funding context.
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