Enhancing Anthocyanin Bioavailability Unlocks the Cardiovascular Potential of Grape Pomace: A Review

Area of Science:

• Food Science
• Nutraceuticals
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Grape pomace (GP) is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins (ACYs), known for functional properties.
• ACYs are significant contributors to GP's health benefits, particularly for cardiovascular health.
• Limited stability and bioavailability of ACYs pose challenges for their effective utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the chemistry, extraction, and purification of ACYs from GP.
• To explore methods for enhancing ACY stability and bioavailability.
• To summarize the health benefits of GP and ACYs, focusing on cardiovascular health.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on ACY chemistry, extraction, and purification from GP.
• Discussion of non-thermal extraction techniques and encapsulation methods (e.g., electrospinning).
• Summary of in vitro, in vivo, and human study findings on GP and ACY effects.

Main Results:

• GP contains ACYs bound within the plant cell wall, limiting natural bioavailability.
• Non-thermal extraction and advanced techniques like electrospinning show potential for improved ACY release and stability.
• GP exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and influences short-chain fatty acid production.

Conclusions:

• Enhanced extraction and delivery systems are crucial for maximizing the cardiovascular benefits of GP-derived ACYs.
• Further research is needed to elucidate specific metabolites and mechanisms of ACY action.
• GP represents a valuable, sustainable source of functional compounds for health applications.