A Novel Simulation-Based Communication Training Program for Sonographers Performing First-Trimester Ultrasound a...

Sonographers frequently deliver first-trimester ultrasound findings, including early pregnancy loss, yet there is limited structured communication training within traditional sonography education. Most learning occurs informally, leaving sonographers underprepared for one of the most emotionally challenging aspects of their role. This study describes the development of a simulation-based communication training program for sonographers performing first-trimester ultrasound within an Australian tertiary health network.

A simulation session was designed in collaboration with a hospital-based simulation faculty. Six trainee sonographers participated in a one-day simulation workshop facilitated by senior sonographers and simulation faculty. Prior to the session, the participants completed pre-readings, attended a preparatory tutorial and watched a recorded demonstration video. The simulation session incorporated three simulated first-trimester clinical scenarios and live interactions with a simulated parent (actor). Participants completed pre- and post-simulation surveys assessing confidence across six communication domains, including explaining findings, managing uncertainty, using clear language, and responding empathetically to parent emotions.

Confidence improved across all domains following participation. The largest gains were observed in communicating uncertain results and responding empathetically to emotional responses. Participants described the simulation as realistic, emotionally impactful, and valuable in preparing for clinical practice. Debriefing was identified as a key learning component, supporting reflection on language, communication strategies, and parent-centred communication, including interactions with both the pregnant parent and their support person when present.

This program addresses a gap in sonographer education by providing structured, experiential training for first-trimester ultrasound communication. Early findings demonstrate strong feasibility, acceptability, and perceived impact on preparedness for clinical conversations. These results support further development and broader implementation of simulation-based communication training in diagnostic imaging.