Responsive Membrane Antenna Enables Adaptive Biohybrid Interface for Photosynthesis Promotion, Stress Reporting and...

Biohybrids promise to endow photosynthetic organisms with new or enhanced functions, yet most operate monofunctionally, targeting either photosynthesis enhancement or stress tolerance, and cannot report environmental changes. Here, we develop an environmentally responsive membrane antenna, TPyB, featuring an aggregation-induced emission light-harvesting module with an H₂O₂-cleavable site. Assembled onto the plasma membrane of green microalgae, TPyB creates a biohybrid with a responsive interface for photosynthesis promotion, stress reporting, and modulation. Under normal conditions, TPyB acts as a spectral converter that reconfigures incident sunlight to augment photosynthesis and biomass. Upon stress onset, rising intracellular H₂O₂ triggers the cleavage of TPyB, producing dual outputs: a distinct fluorescence color change (red to yellow) for stress reporting, and direct H₂O₂ quenching to alleviate oxidative damage. This trait enables the biohybrid to conditionally shift from light optimization to stress management, achieving faster recovery and enhanced tolerance. Thus, by assembling a responsive membrane-anchored antenna with living organisms, this work establishes a bioaugmentation paradigm for advanced biohybrids capable of environmental sensing and adaptive regulation.