Concurrent Acute Pyelonephritis in a Mother-Infant Dyad: A Case Report

Acute pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney that affects both adult and pediatric populations. We describe the case of a 31-year-old mother and her infant boy diagnosed with pyelonephritis due to the same organism. Both patients harbored risk factors that increased their susceptibility to infection; however, more importantly, maternal-to-neonatal transmission of microbiota is thought to play a large role in the neonate's infection. This case highlights the importance of and the clinical implications of maternal and neonatal microbiomes.