Creating compassionate workplaces: A mixed-methods-based integrated framework on last aiders in the workplace

Society often perceives work and private life as separate spheres which leads to uncertainty about issues such as serious illness, dying, death, and grief within workplace settings. Last Aid Courses (LAC) are established to reduce uncertainty and insecurity towards these issues in the public, but not designed for use in the workplace.

To develop an integrated framework specifically designed for the workplace context to foster compassionate workplaces.

After performing 102 LAC in different workplace settings, a mixed-methods design was employed, comprising (a) an online survey among participants (n = 611) including closed questions and open free-text questions, and (b) five focus groups with former course participants (n = 24).

The vast majority of respondents (94.5%) considered both the topics addressed and the conduction of LAC in the workplace as highly relevant. This relevance was reflected in increased confidence in dealing with the subject matter (96,0%) and a high willingness to recommend the course to others (98.3%). Participants expressed the need for stronger integration of workplace-related topics, particularly concerning grief management, communication training, and labor-law-related aspects. The qualitative data revealed three interrelated levels: 1. Personal level: Dealing with those affected, consisting of shared experience, trust, and the impact of grief on employees; 2. Company level: Structural factors, including (a lack of) managerial support, attitude, and established structures; 3. Development level: Conceptual input encompassing characteristics of potential last aiders in the workplace, ideas for institutionalization, best practice, being integrated into the company structure, support for potential future last aiders, and barriers.

Our findings confirm the high relevance of the topic within workplace settings and demonstrate that LAC enhance confidence in dealing with serious illness, dying, death, and grief. The complexity of the issue highlights that sustainable implementation requires workplace-specific approaches. Personal and structural dimensions are closely intertwined and form part of a framework aimed at strengthening workplace-based confidence in responding sensitively to serious illness, dying, death, and grief.