Stone Burden at Presentation to a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: Insights from Database of a Uro-Radiology Meeting

Urolithiasis is a worldwide disease with regional variations in prevalence. A multidisciplinary uro-radiology meeting is pertinent to assess stone characteristics and prevalence. This study aims to determine the burden, locations, size, and density of urinary tract stones.

This was a cross-sectional study of a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in the uro-radiology meeting database of computerized tomography scan reports of consecutive patients diagnosed with urinary tract stones from March 2021 to September 2024. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Categorical data were represented in percentages, while continuous data were presented in means with standard deviation. The association between the dependent and independent variable compared.

There were 144 participants comprising 55.6% males and 44.4% females. The mean age was 47.6 + 12.5 years; mean BMI 30.3 + 8.7 kg/m². The hospital prevalence of urolithiasis was 14.1/100,00 persons. Seventy percent (70.1%) had renal stone, 57.4% unilateral, while 42.6% multiple, and 24.8% had bilateral renal calculi. Renal pelvis calculi occurred in 38.2% cases. Ureteric stones occurred in 29.9%, with 74.4% in the lower third of ureters. There were 1 (0.7%) bladder stones. The overall mean stone size was 13.5+ 5.2mm, mean stone density 892.7 + 356.9 HU, and mean total stone burden 23.1+13.1mm. There was no statistically significant association between sex, multiplicity of stones, and laterality of stones (p = 1.00, 0.794), respectively. There was no association between BMI, multiplicity, and laterality of stones (p = 0.824, 0.754).

A large stone burden with high prevalence was found. The prevalence is higher in males and the obese.