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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

Roles of TIR domain-containing adaptor protein in tumor: Inflammation and immune regulation via toll-like receptor

Huihui Jiang1, Rui Zhang2, Shanshan Ding3

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, China.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|August 17, 2026
PubMed

Insights

TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIR-DCAP) plays a dual role in cancer, promoting progression in some cancers via inflammation but offering protection in others. Its context-dependent functions highlight its potential as a cancer biomarker and therapeutic target.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIR-DCAP) is implicated in inflammatory signaling pathways.
  • Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is crucial in immune responses and cancer development.
  • Understanding TIR-DCAP's role in TLR-mediated inflammation is key to cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review and synthesize evidence on TIR-DCAP's role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
  • To elucidate the inflammatory and immune regulatory mechanisms involving TIR-DCAP and TLR signaling.
  • To identify TIR-DCAP as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of literature from 2015-2024, supplemented by foundational studies.
  • Literature search conducted using PubMed and Web of Science.
  • Inclusion of experimental, cellular, and clinical studies on TIR-DCAP in cancer.

Main Results:

  • TIR-DCAP promotes malignant progression in bladder, pancreatic, and gastric cancers by fostering inflammation and immunosuppression via the TLR2/4-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathway.
  • TIR-DCAP may have homeostatic and protective roles in colorectal cancer.
  • TIR-DCAP activity is regulated by cellular origin, ligand specificity, and epigenetic modifications like promoter methylation, influencing cancer risk and severity.

Conclusions:

  • TIR-DCAP is a critical regulator in inflammation-driven tumors with context-dependent functions.
  • TIR-DCAP represents a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for specific cancers.
  • Further research into TIR-DCAP's regulatory mechanisms and cell-specific targeting is needed for clinical translation.
Keywords:
TIR domain-containing adaptor proteininflammationtoll-like receptor signalingtumortumor immune microenvironment

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