Immune Regulation of CD36 in Cardiovascular Diseases

The scavenger receptor CD36 is a multifunctional membrane protein whose significance as a key node integrating metabolic and inflammatory pathways in cardiovascular pathophysiology is increasingly recognised. While its role in cellular fatty acid uptake is well-established, a comprehensive and integrated elucidation of its specific immunoregulatory functions in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains lacking. This review aims to clarify the specific immunoregulatory mechanisms of CD36 in prevalent cardiovascular conditions by examining its effects on common immune cells involved in these diseases. It details how CD36, functioning as both a lipid transporter and a signalling receptor, regulates the fate and function of key immune cells-for instance, influencing atherosclerosis through the modulation of macrophages. Furthermore, the article provides a critical assessment of the therapeutic potential of targeting CD36, analysing advances in the development of inhibitors and antibodies, as well as the paradoxical insights gained from studies on human CD36 deficiency. By synthesising current research, this review seeks to bridge important knowledge gaps and offer a reference for the development of novel immunometabolism-based interventions for CVDs.