What makes public health-related networks work? Qualitative insights from the Eastern Mediterranean and Arab world

There is limited research on public health-related networks in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and Arab world, where vulnerabilities are multiple, interconnected and the need for effective collaborative action is urgent. This study aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the experiences of current and former public health-related networks in the EMR/Arab world, identifying the factors that facilitated or hindered their functioning, and providing guidance on best practices that can inform the design of sustainable and resilient regional networks.

We identified nine regional public health-related networks in the EMR/Arab world. A desk review of these networks was conducted followed by key informant interviews with 16 current or former members of these networks. Inductive thematic analysis was performed on the data generated from these semi-structured interviews.

Analysis showed that networks exist primarily to build connections among individuals and institutions in the region. Successful networks are marked by strong institutionalization of capacity-building initiatives and rapid mobilization into public health crises. However, networks often struggle or fail due to lack of sustained, flexible financing and fragmented governance, including dependence on individual leaders. Key recommendations from participants included institutionalizing leadership, diversifying financing, enhancing regular communication, strategic planning, and investing in new leaders. Informants widely agreed that robust, sustainable networks are vital to advancing public health in the region.

To foster resilient and sustainable public health networks across the region, future initiatives should focus on demonstrating value, building trust, and strengthening institutional frameworks. Networks should learn from each other's experiences. The literature on regional networks has mostly emphasized activities and achievements but offered limited critical analysis of underlying enabling and constraining conditions.