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Association between psychological wellbeing and the COVID-19-related outcomes in Europeans aged ≥ 50 years old: The
Yumeng Gao1, Nannan Wu1, Suwen Shen2
1Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
Abstract:
The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate the associations between psychological wellbeing and COVID-19 outcomes (vaccination, infection, long COVID) based on the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), using the data from Wave 8 and two supplementary COVID-19 surveys (Corona Survey 1 and 2) covering 27 European countries and Israel. Furthermore, we also conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluated the joint effects of wellbeing and vaccination status on the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID. A total of 29,597 participants were included in this study. Psychological wellbeing was measured using the Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure (CASP)-12 scale. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to explore these associations, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Compared with participants in the lowest CASP-12 score group, those in the highest group had significantly higher odds of COVID-19 vaccination (OR 2.68, 95% CI: 2.44-2.96) and a significant 23% reduction in the likelihood of long COVID (OR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.93). However, we failed to observe a significant association on infection risk (OR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.74-1.02). Protective effects were more pronounced with higher CASP-12 scores. Higher psychological wellbeing was associated with increased COVID-19 vaccination and reduced risks of infection and long COVID among European adults aged 50 y and older. Further high-quality studies were warranted to confirm these findings.
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