Coupling, tailoring, and applications of 2D magnetic materials

The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials has revolutionized spintronics, quantum computing, and neuromorphic engineering, challenging conventional paradigms of magnetic ordering. Despite rapid advancements in synthesis, property modulation, and device integration, a holistic understanding of the critical role of reduced dimensions remains elusive. This review summarizes the recent development of 2D magnetic materials, including semiconductors, metals, and insulators of various crystal symmetries, which has broadened the perspective of the magnetic and electronic properties arisen from symmetry breaking. We focus on low-dimensional confined magnetic phenomena, in particular, interfacial effects and external stimuli (strain, gating, and light) enabled control over magnetic phase transitions, skyrmion dynamics, and topological states. Furthermore, we highlight the emergent applications of van der Waals heterostructures in ultracompact spintronic memory and quantum sensors. Finally, we outline unresolved challenges including ambient stability, scalable production, and Curie temperature enhancement, followed by proposal of interdisciplinary strategies to harness 2D magnetism for next-generation technologies. This review aims to provide guidance for the rational design of functional 2D magnetic materials and to accelerate the progress in disruptive quantum and energy-efficient devices.