Research progress on the application of piezoelectric hydrogel materials in bone tissue engineering

Abstract：Piezoelectric hydrogels have emerged as a class of biomaterials that have garnered significant attention in bone tissue engineering in recent years. Their unique property lies in their ability to generate electrical charges under mechanical deformation. This piezoelectric effect is key to enhancing bone regeneration by mimicking the natural mechanical forces that stimulate osteogenesis in vivo. With their highwater content, elasticity, biocompatibility, and capacity to modulate cellular responses through electrical stimulation, they present an ideal choice for bone defect repair.Recent studies have demonstrated that electrical stimulation can significantly promote osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, making piezoelectric hydrogels a critical factor in facilitating bone tissue regeneration. By integrating piezoelectric materials into hydrogels, they not only support cell growth but also actively promote bone healing through mechanoelectrical signaling. This article reviews the mechanisms by which electrical stimulation enhances bone regeneration, as well as the classification, fabrication methods, and applications of piezoelectric hydrogels in bone tissue engineering, aiming to provide new therapeutic strategies for bone defect repair.