Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 20, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
Published on: June 9, 2023
Thyroid Year-in-Review 2025-2026: Precision Medicine and De-escalation in Contemporary Thyroidology
Anupam Kotwal1, Ana-Maria Chindris2, Kaniksha Desai3
1Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
Abstract:
The 'Thyroid: Year in Review', presented at the AACE 2026 annual meeting, synthesized practice-influencing peer-reviewed clinical research published between March 1, 2025, and February 15, 2026. This narrative review, based on that presentation, highlights two overarching themes in clinical thyroidology: precision medicine and de-escalation when appropriate. In thyroid dysfunction, recent studies support lean body mass-based levothyroxine dosing and the metabolic integration of liothyronine. The management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer has shifted toward de-escalation, favoring non-surgical interventions, active surveillance for low-risk malignancies, selective omission of radioactive iodine, de-escalation of surveillance strategies, and the complementary use of artificial intelligence with molecular testing to improve diagnostic accuracy in indeterminate nodules. This review summarizes these findings and their implications for contemporary evidence-based endocrine practice.
Related Concept Videos
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology
The Thyroid Gland
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology
Functions of Thyroid Hormones
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...