Strategies for improving comfort and satisfaction in adult patients undergoing urodynamic studies: an evidence...

To systematically review and summarize the best available evidence on improving comfort and satisfaction in adult patients undergoing urodynamic study (UDS), to provide an evidence-based foundation for clinical practice.

This evidence summary followed the standardized reporting framework of the Fudan University Center for Evidence-Based Nursing (Registration number: ES20259563). Based on the "5S" model of evidence resources, a systematic search was conducted in the following databases: BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Guidelines International Network, World Health Organization, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, MedPulse, European Association of Urology, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Urogynecologic Society, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Sinomed, CNKI, and Wanfang. The search focused on strategies to enhance satisfaction and comfort during UDS in adults. Literature types included clinical decisions, guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and qualitative studies, from inception to December 31, 2025. Two researchers independently conducted literature quality assessment, evidence extraction, and synthesis.

A total of 968 records were retrieved, with 21 articles meeting the inclusion criteria after screening, comprising 2 systematic reviews, 1 expert consensus, 15 RCTs, and 3 qualitative studies. From these, 18 evidence items were summarized across four domains: Communication and Information Support, Environmental and Sensory Modulation, Local and Pharmacological Interventions, and Privacy and Dignity Preservation, with 11 classified as Level 1, 6 as Level 3, and 1 as Level 5.

This study systematically integrated the best available evidence for improving comfort and satisfaction during UDS in adults, identifying effective strategies of nursing interventions. These findings provide an evidence-based foundation for implementing standardized, personalized comfort care in clinical practice, enhancing the quality of nursing care, and offer a reference for developing or updating UDS-related guidelines or standards.