Empowering Plant Biotechnology Research: Super-Pangenomes as a Novel Arsenal for Crop Breeding and Improvement

The continuous innovations in sequencing methods have revolutionized the plant genomics research by capturing species diversity. Pangenome incorporates data from multiple genomes to generate a comprehensive and reference bias genomic architecture within a population. In recent years, several studies have provided the unprecedented advances in the field of plant pangenomes and enables the detection of structural variations, candidate genes, shedding lights into crop breeding and improvement. Further, expanding the scope of using accessions from multiple species at genus-level, the concept of pangenome has gradually evolved into a super-pangenome. Representing both cultivated and wild relatives within a genus, plant super-pangenome offers a novel insight in plant genomic information, adaptation, domestication and molecular breeding. By bridging the gap between complex genomic variants and genus-level taxa, these unprecedented advancements are reshaping the genetic landscape of gene repertoire, driving improved crop breeding in a time of global food security risk. This article focuses on the recent advancements of super-pangenome in plant research over the past few years. We also emphasize the different strategies for building plant super-pangenome and their potential applications and future perspectives which can help to expand the scope of plant genomics research.