Transforming retraining: Supporting racehorses to have successful second careers

Optimizing long-term welfare outcomes for Thoroughbred racehorses following retirement from racing is a priority across the global horse racing industry. Following their racing career, horses are required to adapt to a markedly different lifestyle, involving substantial physical, behavioural, and mental adjustment. This study consulted experienced retrainers to identify factors that inform successful retraining and transition of former racehorses to promote positive lifelong outcomes beyond racing. An online survey of 100 global stakeholders experienced in retraining former racehorses explored common challenges, practices, and perceptions associated with transition. The survey results informed a subsequent Delphi consultation involving 27 experienced racehorse retrainers and musculoskeletal therapists, to establish consensus on which factors were essential to underpin successful transition. Survey data were analysed using frequency analysis and inductive content analysis, while the Delphi consultation used content validity ratios to determine consensus across behavioural, physical, exercise, and management domains relevant to retraining. Survey respondents identified four key themes influencing successful retraining outcomes: the time allocated for retraining, the people involved in the process, the horse's prior racing and management history, and the overall approach taken to retraining. The Delphi consultation achieved consensus on seven areas considered essential to successful transition: feeding regime, rider skill, handler expertise, type of exercises undertaken, assessment and modification of the horse's shape, assessment and modification of posture, and provision of turnout. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing both physical and mental adaptation during transition. The versatility of Thoroughbreds was evident, with retrainers commonly preparing horses for eventing, dressage, and leisure riding homes. Successful transitions closely aligned individual horse capabilities with future owner expectations. Participants highlighted the need for increased owner education, improved access to professional expertise, and greater financial support for retrainers. Implementing evidence-informed, multidisciplinary transition pathways may enhance retraining practices and promote sustainable, positive outcomes for former racehorses beyond racing.