Aquila optimizer β-variable model-free adaptive fractional-order sliding-mode control for wheel slippage prevention

Amar Mubarak1, Haoping Wang2, Omer Abbaker Ahmed Mohammed3

  • 1School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 2100094, China; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Merowe University of Technology, Merowe, Sudan.

ISA Transactions
|August 19, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

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