Usability evaluation of a Halal Food Tracer information system using ISO 25023 and UWIS models

This research aims to evaluate the usability of the Halal Food Tracer Information System, to examine the key factors influencing its usability from the consumer perspective, and to generate actionable insights for enhancing system performance. To achieve this objective, a new usability measurement model was developed by integrating the ISO/IEC 25023 standard and the Usability of Web-Based Information Systems (UWIS) model. Data were collected through in-field user testing, followed by questionnaire surveys to assess system usability. The user testing phase familiarized participants with the system and enabled an objective evaluation of system performance. The collected data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The user testing results indicate a high level of usability of the Halal Food Tracer Information System. Efficiency, measured by the total task completion time across four tasks, showed an average time of 159.580 s (SD = 0.357). Effectiveness, measured by the percentage of correctly completed tasks, achieved an average of 98.200% (SD = 1.730). User satisfaction, measured using a five-point Likert scale, yielded an average score of 3.610 out of 5 (SD = 0.450). Furthermore, the results indicate that learnability, accessibility, operability, and appropriateness recognizability have a significant positive effect on the overall usability index. These attributes are essential for enhancing system usability by ensuring it is efficient, easy to use, and accessible to a wide range of consumers. The findings provide actionable insights for system developers, demonstrating how usability improvements can support more effective food traceability and consumption practices. Moreover, the proposed model offers a holistic, multidimensional perspective on usability by linking measurable system quality attributes to overall usability performance indicators. This study represents a meaningful advancement in usability evaluation research, particularly in the context of halal food traceability information systems, where such an integrative framework has not previously been systematically applied.