Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging
09:32

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging

Published on: December 9, 2021

Updates on Imaging Modalities for the Diagnosis of Aortic Stenosis

Hadi Itani1, Mohamad B Moumneh1, Ahmed Zayed1

  • 1From the Department of Internal Medicine.

Cardiology in Review
|August 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Accurate diagnosis of aortic stenosis (AS) requires advanced imaging. Integrating echocardiography, CT, CMR, and new technologies improves risk stratification and personalized treatment for this common elderly heart valve disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Valvular Heart Disease

Background:

  • Aortic stenosis (AS) is a prevalent degenerative valvular disease in the elderly, associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Accurate diagnosis and risk stratification are crucial for managing AS effectively.
  • Transthoracic echocardiography, the standard tool, faces limitations in grading AS severity due to flow-dependent parameters, particularly in specific AS subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced imaging modalities for diagnosing and assessing aortic stenosis.
  • To highlight the role of integrated imaging approaches in improving diagnostic accuracy and patient management.
  • To discuss emerging technologies that enhance the evaluation of AS severity and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advanced echocardiographic techniques (3D imaging, stress echo, Doppler indices).
  • Evaluation of computed tomography (CT) for flow-independent assessment and anatomical detail.
  • Inclusion of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for prognostic information on myocardial remodeling and fibrosis.
  • Consideration of emerging technologies like positron emission tomography (PET) and artificial intelligence (AI).

Main Results:

  • Advanced echocardiography improves AS evaluation and clinical decision-making.
  • CT offers flow-independent assessment and detailed anatomy crucial for procedural planning (e.g., TAVR).
  • CMR provides prognostic insights into myocardial changes related to AS outcomes.
  • Emerging PET and AI tools expand diagnostic capabilities for AS detection and classification.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating multiple imaging modalities (echocardiography, CT, CMR, PET, AI) addresses diagnostic uncertainty in AS.
  • A comprehensive approach refines AS subtype classification.
  • Personalized intervention strategies can be informed by integrated diagnostic findings.

Keywords:
aortic stenosiscardiac magnetic resonancecomputed tomographyechocardiography

More Related Videos

Assessment of Cardiac Morphological and Functional Changes in Mouse Model of Transverse Aortic Constriction by Echocardiographic Imaging09:05

Assessment of Cardiac Morphological and Functional Changes in Mouse Model of Transverse Aortic Constriction by Echocardiographic Imaging

Published on: June 21, 2016

An Approach to Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Evaluation of the Abdominal Aorta07:12

An Approach to Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Evaluation of the Abdominal Aorta

Published on: September 8, 2023

Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...