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Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Enhancing Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Extracellular Vesicles (CAR-EV) Technology: The Future of Cancer Therapy
Published on: September 19, 2025
Fc-engineering for improved cancer immunotherapy
Ella Borgman1,2, Camille Le Gall2,3, Hidde Ploegh4
1Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
None:
Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized cancer therapy, with approved therapeutics belonging predominantly to the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class. These IgGs mediate antitumor effects predominantly through engagement of Fcγ receptors on immune cells. This engagement results in therapy-activating Fc effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Limitations nonetheless include suboptimal effector engagement and adverse immunological side effects. These drawbacks have driven the search for and optimization of Fc-engineering strategies, including Fc mutations, glycan modification, and choice of Ig isotype, to enhance therapeutic efficacy and tailor immune interactions.
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