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Peripheral Biomarkers in Chronic Hepatitis D Infection: A Review

Zillah Cargill1, James Lok1,2, Geoffrey Dusheiko1

  • 1Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, UK.

Journal of Viral Hepatitis
|August 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Predicting outcomes in chronic hepatitis D (Hepatitis D Virus) is difficult. New peripheral biomarkers could help stratify patients, predict treatment response, and guide care for this severe liver disease.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis D (HDV) is the most severe form of viral hepatitis.
  • HDV infection is linked to higher rates of advanced liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, compared to hepatitis B monoinfection.
  • HDV requires co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review peripheral biomarkers for HDV infection.
  • To explore the clinical utility of novel biomarkers for HBV activity in HDV patients.
  • To identify areas for future biomarker development in managing HDV.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of peripheral biomarkers in HDV infection.
  • Analysis of existing serological markers and novel HBV activity markers.
  • Exploration of potential clinical applications for risk stratification and treatment monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Accurate prediction of liver disease progression and treatment response in HDV remains a challenge with current biomarkers.
  • Peripheral biomarkers offer potential for risk stratification and monitoring treatment response.
  • Novel biomarkers of HBV activity are being investigated for their utility in HDV management.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral biomarkers are crucial for personalized care in chronic hepatitis D.
  • Developing reliable biomarkers can aid in early identification of patients at high risk for advanced liver disease.
  • Further validation in diverse populations and in the context of new therapies is essential for establishing biomarker roles.

Keywords:
HBVchronic HDVhepatitis Dhepatitis deltanovel HBV biomarkers

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