Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 22, 2026
A Standardized Copper Bian-Stone Gua Sha Protocol for Treating Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Human Subjects
Published on: July 3, 2026
Traditional healers' knowledge, experience, and practices related to multiple sclerosis in the Republic of Guinea: A
Dylan R Rice1, Malé Doré2, Oumar Mara2
1Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Global Neurology, Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Background:
Traditional healers are central to healthcare delivery across Africa and may play an important role in pathways of care for multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly in countries with severe shortages of neurologists.
Objective:
To characterize traditional healers' knowledge, experience, and practices related to MS in the lower income, Western Sub-Saharan African country of Guinea.
Methods:
Semi-structured interviews with 30 traditional healers were conducted in person via snowball sampling. Interviews were conducted in local languages, transcribed, translated, and analyzed using a structured approach to summarize key domains, including training, knowledge, explanatory models, treatment practices, and referral patterns related to MS.
Results:
Traditional healers (tradithérapeute) (average age 41 years, 43% women, average duration of practice 12.5 years, 73% with primary or no education) rarely had awareness of MS (20%, n = 6); however, most reported currently treating individuals with vision loss (50%, n = 15) and paralysis/motor weakness (70%, n = 21). Explanatory models for MS disease etiology were primarily spiritual-only (birafouré, illness from unseen supernatural or spiritual forces, or yakouifé, illness from witchcraft or intentional harm; 63%), with 7% endorsing physical-only etiology (gninèfé, illness from bodily/physical causes) and 30% endorsing mixed spiritual-physical beliefs. Treatment approaches included herbal (93%), ritualistic (93%), and religious (60%) modalities. Some practices were injurious. One-third of healers referred patients to physicians; 30% received physicians' referrals.
Conclusions:
Traditional healers in Guinea frequently encounter individuals with neurological symptoms suggestive of MS or related disorders despite limited formal awareness of MS, representing a pathway for earlier recognition and referral.
