Validation of an integrated analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of 12 PFAS in drinking water,
Bruna De Simone1, Elvira De Rosa2, Fabiana Di Duca3
1University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Science, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 1 - 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
Abstract:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent contaminants that may threaten food safety. Standardized analytical methods for low-fat liquid foods remain limited. This study validates a novel integrated workflow for the simultaneous determination of 12 PFAS in drinking water, plant-based milk alternatives and skimmed milk. Food samples underwent Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction, followed by one-step solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup for all matrices before ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis with isotope dilution. The method achieved excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.990), limits of quantification (LOQs) of 0.0005 μg/L for water and 0.0040 μg/kg for food matrices, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 20%. Isotopically labelled internal standards compensated matrix effects, avoiding matrix-matched calibration. Analysis of commercial samples showed PFAS concentrations below the LOQ in nearly all cases. This method provides a robust approach for multi-matrix PFAS monitoring and supports improved food safety surveillance.
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