Obesity, lipids, inflammation, and healthy aging

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability globally. Thus, prevention efforts aimed at reducing CVD events allow for greater functional independence and wellbeing over the course of life. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol is causally associated with atherosclerosis and is the primary target for atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) prevention. More recently, low-grade systemic inflammation has been recognized for its role in atherosclerotic disease initiation and progression. Additionally, there is compelling evidence for combined assessments of lipid and inflammatory biomarkers to predict long-term CVD events and guide prevention efforts early in life. In the context of CVD prevention, there have also been population shifts in CVD risk factor prevalence. Obesity prevalence has increased drastically over the last three decades, contributing to disability, lower life expectancy, and higher risk of CVD through multiple mechanisms. Specifically, obesity leads to a more atherogenic lipid profile and higher levels of systemic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to synthesize available literature on the interplay between obesity, dyslipidemia, and inflammation with CVD and how optimization of these risk factors is critical for healthy aging and longevity.