The Association Between Lifestyle Factors and Sleep Quality in Haemodialysis Patients

To evaluate sleep quality in patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis and to identify the association between lifestyle factors and sleep quality.

A cross-sectional study design was employed.

In this study, 286 haemodialysis patients from two hospitals were selected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between lifestyle factors and sleep quality.

The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was (7.89 ± 4.68). 73.4% of patients had poor sleep quality. In multivariate logistic analyses, age, maintenance haemodialysis duration, depression (psychological factor) and self-management (as a behavioural lifestyle domain) were major factors associated with sleep quality.

No patients or members of the public were involved in the design, conduct, interpretation, or dissemination of this study. Participants were involved solely as respondents in the data collection process.

This study found that depression and self-management were the key factors associated with sleep quality in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Based on these findings, we recommend the following nursing practices: First, nurses should integrate brief sleep-quality screening and depression screening into routine dialysis care to facilitate early identification of at-risk patients. Second, nursing interventions should strengthen patients' self-management skills, including dietary adherence, fluid restriction and medication compliance, as these may contribute to better sleep outcomes. Third, dialysis teams should adopt a holistic approach that addresses both psychological well-being and behavioural self-management, recognizing their combined influence on patients' sleep quality. Fourth, nurses should provide individualized lifestyle counselling tailored to each patient's dietary and fluid needs, recognizing that active participation in treatment plans may improve sleep quality.