Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Health Disorders in Dairy Cattle: First Report in Algeria

The postpartum period in dairy cows is vital for their health and herd productivity. Effective management, including proper nutrition and disease prevention, helps prevent metabolic and reproductive issues, ensuring optimal milk production, enhancing cow longevity, and farm sustainability. The study aims to determine the main postpartum disorders in dairy cows from seven Algerian wilayas: Oran, Tipaza, Mila, M'sila, Setif, Medea, and Ghardaia.

A total of 1153 dairy cows were examined. Overall, 37.21% of cows presented with 1 postpartum disorder, while 25.59% of cows had ≥2 postpartum disorders (P<0.0001). Inflammatory disorders (31.66%) were more frequent than metabolic disorders (MET) (24.89%) (P<0.0001). The most frequent postpartum disorders were acute metritis (AM) and lameness (LAM), followed by retained placenta (RP) and mastitis (MAS) (P<0.01).

Holstein cows were more prone to mastitis (17.98%) and delayed uterine involution (DUI) (6.07%), while Montbeliarde cows exhibit a high prevalence of lameness (52.61%) (P<0.001). Inflammatory disorders (metritis, DUI) decrease as the number of lactations increases, while lameness is particularly frequent starting from the third lactation (>30%) (P<0.001). Cows that experienced dystocic calving show a higher prevalence of inflammatory and MET compared to those with normal calving (P<0.001). Multiparous cows exhibit higher rates of metabolic and inflammatory disorders (P<0.001).

Postpartum disorders in dairy cows require careful management to minimize their negative effects on milk production, reproduction, and overall health. Effective monitoring and timely interventions during the early lactation transition period are crucial for maintaining herd performance and profitability.