Emerging Biomaterials Revolutionizing Pre-Eclampsia Treatment

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a complex pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, posing significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. Despite ongoing efforts, drug development remains hindered by poor placental targeting, potential fetal toxicity, and limited biocompatibility. This review highlights the recent advances in biomaterials-based therapeutic strategies and diagnostic platforms for PE. We focus on the applications of targeted drug delivery nanosystems that aim to improve placental targeting specificity, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and minimize off-target effects. Emerging biomaterials-related drug delivery systems, including lipid nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, and hydrogels, along with biologically derived carriers or therapeutics such as adenoviral vectors and exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells, offer innovative solutions to overcome the existing pharmacological constraints such as poor target specificity, rapid clearance, and off-target toxicity. Additionally, cutting-edge technologies like organoids and organ-on-a-chip platforms provide powerful tools for advanced disease modeling and drug screening. For each drug delivery system and diagnostic platform, we summarize the most representative research achievements, emphasizing the design principles, application advantages, and practical limitations. By systematically introducing the various significant advances in recent years, this review offers insights into how biomaterial-based approaches address PE treatment challenges and may inspire the development of precise platforms for safe and effective therapy.